Psychosis and serotonins 5ht2a receptor , HDAC and chronic anti-psychotic use
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@NoeticJuice said in Psychosis and serotonins 5ht2a receptor , HDAC and chronic anti-psychotic use:
Hallucinogenic 5-HT2AR agonists LSD and DOI enhance dopamine D2R protomer recognition and signaling of D2-5-HT2A heteroreceptor complexes
From what I understand from this thread, along with the ones NoeticJuice mentioned, we should favor keeping 5ht2a relatively higher (compared to other 5ht receptors), since it antagonizes other 5 ht receptors and also decreases agonist effects on the D2 receptor
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@lobotomize-me said in Psychosis and serotonins 5ht2a receptor , HDAC and chronic anti-psychotic use:
decreases agonist effects on the D2 receptor
Based on the article, it seems like some 5-HT2A agonists enhance D2-mediated effects, but that is specific to the D2 receptors that are in the same heteroreceptor complex with the activated 5-HT2A receptor.
@lobotomize-me said in Psychosis and serotonins 5ht2a receptor , HDAC and chronic anti-psychotic use:
keeping 5ht2a relatively higher (compared to other 5ht receptors), since it antagonizes other 5 ht receptors
I didn't know about 5-HT2A's interaction with other serotonin receptors before this. I asked Grok about it an it gave links to these two articles.
5-HT2B and 5-HT2A receptors of 1C11*cells are coupled with a PLA2-mediated release of arachidonic acid. Moreover, activation of the 5-HT2B receptor inhibits the 5-HT1B/1D receptor function, via a cyclooxygenase dependent AA metabolite. This 5-HT2B-mediated inhibition of the 5-HT1B/1D function can be blocked by a concomitant 5-HT2A activation.
Taken together, our study suggests that serotonin, via 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/C receptor activation, regulates NMDAR functions in PFC neurons in a counteractive manner. 5-HT2A/C, by activating ERK via the β-arrestin-dependent pathway, opposes the 5-HT1A disruption of microtubule stability and NMDAR transport.
I think that, for generally healthy people, a little more 5-HT2A could be beneficial. However, it's probably a bad idea for people with psychosis. At least for people with schizophrenia, it seems like their 5-HT2A receptors function differently from the norm + the extreme reliance on the left-hemisphere mode of perceiving probably doesn't help.
@cs3000 said in Psychosis and serotonins 5ht2a receptor , HDAC and chronic anti-psychotic use:
a supersensitive coupling of 5-HT2AR to Gαi1 as opposed to Gαq has been identified in the postmortem brain samples of schizophrenia patients.
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A basic theory of psychosis and related phenomena:
- The left hemisphere is extremely perceptually dominant.
- The left hemisphere distorts what is given by the right hemisphere, leading to hallucinations, delusions and a breakdown of reality.
- In a system that is dysfunctional in this way, reducing signal filtering at the thalamus acts as increasing fuel for the delusions etc., while in a person whose hemispheres are better balanced, it would instead fuel creativity.
Even if this theory is true, it would still only be a general, bigger-picture view. There are probably refinements and a lot more detail that could be added. For example, the information in the OP of this thread could be integrated, and more about specific brain regions could be added.
Some additional notes:
- In schizophrenia, it might not just be about left-hemisphere dominance but also right-hemisphere damage/deficit.
- IIRC, schizophrenics generally have reduced myelination in the brain. If their right hemispheres have less white matter than normal, then their right hemispheres, in a way, might be less right-brained than the average right hemisphere. Increasing myelination might be something worth looking into.
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@NoeticJuice said in Psychosis and serotonins 5ht2a receptor , HDAC and chronic anti-psychotic use:
A basic theory of psychosis and related phenomena:
- The left hemisphere is extremely perceptually dominant.
- The left hemisphere distorts what is given to it by the right hemisphere, leading to hallucinations, delusions and a breakdown of reality.
- In a system that is dysfunctional in this way, reducing signal filtering at the thalamus acts as increasing fuel for the delusions etc., while in a person whose hemispheres are better balanced, it would instead fuel creativity.
Even if this theory is true, it would still only be a general, bigger-picture view. There are probably refinements and a lot more detail that could be added. For example, the information in the OP of this thread could be integrated, and more about specific brain regions could be added.
Some additional notes:
- In schizophrenia, it might not just be about left-hemisphere dominance but also right-hemisphere damage/deficit.
- IIRC, schizophrenics generally have reduced myelination in the brain. If their right hemispheres have less white matter than normal, then their right hemispheres, in a way, might be less right-brained than the average right hemisphere. Increasing myelination might be something worth looking into.
Little or no salt and meat, plus more plants, fruits, and dairy products can contribute to a person being more prone to visions ,“hallucinations”, dreams,Sunlight and EMFs can also contribute. In my experience, visions, hallucinations, and dreams are either manifestations of the body's internal agency/agency attempt, which may include stored engrams/memories from the person's past experiences, engrams/memories from other living beings/sources, that have entered the person's body in the past and have been stored, or direct receptions of information/energy from external sources, whether foods, drugs, emf, the sun, the moon, other living beings, or supernatural beings, which can include past, present, and future informations. It is not necessarily optimal in the long term to be prone to these things, as it can be associated with reduced physical/mental resilience or even damage.
Yet , once a person is in that state, visions/hallucinations/dreams can have a positive effect and lead the person towards a better internal agency and a better energetic state. Visions/hallucinations/dreams can contain elements that indicate to the person what they need to return to an optimal energetic state
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@user2 I was thinking more in the context of things like schizophrenia or drug-induced psychosis.
I think visions are facilitated by the right hemisphere. In the case of visions without psychosis, while the person still remains sane, there's less distortion, so they can be better used for one's own benefit. I think it's similar for dreams.
Whatever people see from taking drugs is almost certainly distorted to a greater or lesser degree.
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@NoeticJuice i include schizophrenia or drug-induced psychosis in my comment above
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While looking into studies on blue lotus (Nymphaea caerulea), I found a very interesting study on a plant from the same genus called N. lotus.
It was on mice with hyperprolactemia that received different dosages of N. Lotus, while bromocriptine served as the positive control group.
Not only was it able to lower prolactin, but at the highest dose, it lowered prolactin more than bromocriptine.At that dose it even lowered prolactin below the control groups value, which didn't receive prolactinergic medication .
They gave rats an HED of 30mg of Bromo, which is a hefty dose.
On top of that it also drastically increased mices progesterone. Again, outperforming bromocriptine and even the control group.
It also lowered estradiol.
I haven't done enough research yet, but that study alone makes me really want to try N. lotus.
https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ajb.2017.91.98 -
Here's another study in male animals where it had a positive impact on male reproductive health. They didn't test hormones, but numbers of offspring drastically increased in the N. Lotus group and sperm health did as well.
https://ppj.phypha.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-935-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
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@NoeticJuice said in Psychosis and serotonins 5ht2a receptor , HDAC and chronic anti-psychotic use:
@user2 I was thinking more in the context of things like schizophrenia or drug-induced psychosis.
I think visions are facilitated by the right hemisphere. In the case of visions without psychosis, while the person still remains sane, there's less distortion, so they can be better used for one's own benefit. I think it's similar for dreams.
Whatever people see from taking drugs is almost certainly distorted to a greater or lesser degree.
If someone feel what he is seeing on drugs is real, it is real, real/reality is a feeling. If by distortion you mean not as real, not as true, illusory, it aint necessary any of these, potentially either the drug change the state/structure of the person temporary therefore the person perceive a different reality during this time, or what the person is seeing on drugs is the body inner agency/attempt to inner agency, and the differents drugs elements do manifest/are perceive as differents visual phenomenons, and it is all real
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@user2 said in Psychosis and serotonins 5ht2a receptor , HDAC and chronic anti-psychotic use:
real/reality is a feeling . . . and it is all real
(we already went over this in a different thread, although my thoughts have changed to some extent)
Experience is real. Whatever we experience is real. However, there's more to reality than an individual's experience, and I feel it's still correct to say that some experiences are more aligned with reality than others.
With the greatest understanding and clarity of perception, reality is truly beautiful. (Not that I'm in that state currently)
However, if a drug makes a person experience an elevated mood or beauty (it's good to make a distinction between those two), it doesn't necessarily mean that they perceive with the greatest degree of clarity, and it could still be--and, I think, usually is--very warped.
In the context of drugs, and also to some extent human experience in general, the rational (if it's right to call it that) mind warps perception to fit within its framework as well as possible.
The process of clearing perception includes clearing away misconceptions in the framework, as well as getting more direct experience of reality without interference. These two aren't really that separated.
