PQQ Pyrroloquinoline quinone (found in space dust)
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8169668/
In the first experiment, weanling female BALB/c mice were adapted to a chemically-defined diet containing 0, 100, 200, 300, 1000, or 5000 ng PQQ/g of diet. The mice were bred and their reproductive performance and surviving offspring were assessed for 20-wk.
Reproductive outcome was markedly compromised for the groups most deprived of PQQ. Supplemented groups (> or = 1000 ng PQQ/g diet) had 8 pups/litter compared with 4-5 pups/litter in the PQQ-deprived groups (< or = 300 ng PQQ/g diet).
Of the pups surviving to weaning, 8 of 10 survived when PQQ was added to the diet (> or = 300 ng PQQ/g diet) compared with 4 of 10 in the PQQ/deficient group. The apparent requirement for PQQ for optimal growth of surviving neonates was estimated to be > 300 ng PQQ/g of diet.
- Quinone cofactors may have had a role in early aerobic life on Earth. PQQ dependent methanol dehydrogenase has been found in many different types of bacteria including one archaea21. Recent results from the CIDA (Cometary and Interstellar Dust Analyzer) instrument on the Stardust spacecraft found numerous quinones, including ortho-quinones, in interstellar dust mainly from comet p/ Wild222.
pyridyl- and quinoline- quinones were the most likely compounds with the largest peak in the positive ion spectrum at m/z 331 which corresponds to PQQ23.
This has given rise to speculation that PQQ from interstellar dust played a key catalytic role in the early Earth. It is interesting to note that PQQ is known to only be made bacterially on Earth and that all the evidence strongly indicates that it is peptide derived. As far as we know, there are no bacteria or proteins in space to form the PQQ found in interstellar dust. This raises many interesting questions about the presence of PQQ and the origin of its biosynthesis.
Identification of lactate dehydrogenase as a mammalian pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-binding protein
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4882622/#sec8
(lowers lactate, increases nad+)protective effect works in very low nM concentration (1mg should be good) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9158787/
its an uncoupler
In the diet it reacts quick with things so isnt found much as free form, u largely get derivatives https://michaelrucker.com/functional-supplements/pqq-disodium-salt/Its seen as a vitamin like compound. some enzymes might rely on it. seen in mice
But as disodium salt form orally in drinking water, 20mg/kg mice didnt raise ATP. 20mg/kg injected i,p did https://actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40478-023-01642-6#Sec16
but i.p in rats caused kidney toxicity https://europepmc.org/article/med/2546903tho giving people 20mg improved cognition (protective benefit probably from these doses of the sodium form, acute atp boost takes higher https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmi/71/1.2/71_23/_pdf/-char/en)
sleep improved well (scale 0 - 3 with 3 being highest dysfunction for individual scores) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281323256_Effects_of_Oral_Supplementation_with_Pyrroloquinoline_Quinone_on_Stress_Fatigue_and_Sleep by 8 weeks
- Quinone cofactors may have had a role in early aerobic life on Earth. PQQ dependent methanol dehydrogenase has been found in many different types of bacteria including one archaea21. Recent results from the CIDA (Cometary and Interstellar Dust Analyzer) instrument on the Stardust spacecraft found numerous quinones, including ortho-quinones, in interstellar dust mainly from comet p/ Wild222.
