palmitic acid reduce amygdala serotonin and raise anxiety (in rats)
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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4151238/
In a dose-dependent fashion, palmitic acid rapidly reduced mouse locomotor activity by a mechanism that did not rely on TLR4, MyD88, IL-1, IL-6 or TNFα but was dependent on fatty acid chain length. Twenty-four hrs after palmitic acid administration mice exhibited anxiety-like behavior without impairment in locomotion, food intake, depressive-like behavior or spatial memory. Additionally, the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA was increased by 33% in the amygdala 24 hrs after palmitic acid treatment.
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Injected palmitic acid (excerpt from the study)
2.3 Injectables
FFAs (palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, myristic acid, decanoic acid, octanoic acid, valeric acid) were administered IP in a vehicle of castor oil at a volume of 50 μl/mouse. Palmitic acid was administered for the dose response at 0.3, 3, and 30 μmol/mouse, after which all free fatty acids (FFAs) were tested at 30 μmol/mouse. All FFA injections occurred at the onset of the dark cycle.
Source:
The saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, induces anxiety-like behavior in mice
doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.002 NIHQuestion to ChatGPT
How much fat is 30 μmol/mouse palmitic acid when converted for a person of 70 kg.
Answer
The amount of palmitic acid injected into the mouse (30 μmol) corresponds to about 1.75 grams of fat for a 70 kg human.
However, keep in mind that this is the mass of palmitic acid alone. If you were injecting a pure fat source (like oil), the fat content could be higher depending on its composition.
It's worth noting that palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid and is commonly found in many animal fats and vegetable oils, so the 1.75 grams would refer specifically to this fatty acid, not necessarily the total fat content of an oil or food source.
However, if you want to know how much total fat this represents, you'll need to know the proportion of palmitic acid in the fat source.
If you were injecting a fat source like palm oil, you'd be injecting approximately 3.5 grams of fat to get the same 1.75 grams of palmitic acid.
If using a fat source like palm oil (50% palmitic acid) = 3.5 grams of total fat.
If from coconut oil, 1.75 grams of palmitic acid would be found in approximately 19.44 grams of coconut oil (assuming 9% palmitic acid content). That’s about 1.94 tablespoons of coconut oil, since 1 tablespoon of coconut oil is roughly 10.5 grams.Comment (LucH):
So, this study only shows it’s highly stupid to inject 3.5 grams of fat to get the same 1.75 grams of palmitic acid. Sorry for manipulating the elements.
Only the dose make the poison, as you know. Would someone here have imagined to inject oil to get one’s vitamin D or K?By the way, excess fat or sugar could be converted to C16. Palmitic acid is not the right kind to choose, as only source. Need a mix. C16 fat has not the same effect when coming from coconut oil or from palmitic acid oil alone.
Additional research for other readers:
C16:0 fat (palmitic acid) from different sources can have different effects due to variations in the overall fat composition and how it's metabolized. Coconut oil, for instance, contains lauric acid (C12:0) alongside palmitic acid, and its metabolism differs from that of pure palmitic acid.
Coconut oil contains a significant amount of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), particularly lauric acid, which are metabolized differently than long-chain fatty acids like palmitic acid. MCTs are more readily absorbed and used for energy, while palmitic acid is more likely to be stored as fat. Additionally, coconut oil contains other compounds that may have beneficial effects, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.NB: Metabolism and Storage:
MCTs in coconut oil:
Absorbed directly into the bloodstream and transported to the liver, where they are quickly converted into energy. They are less likely to be stored as body fat.
Palmitic acid:
Metabolized similarly to other long-chain fatty acids (through VLDL and LDL), being incorporated into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue (fat cells).
In conclusion: While palmitic acid is a component of coconut oil, the overall effect of consuming coconut oil is not the same as consuming palmitic acid alone. This is due to the differing metabolic pathways of MCTs and long-chain fatty acids, as well as the presence of other beneficial compounds in coconut oil.Warning: Every study about fat coming from US source has to be taken with care / suspicion. Lobbying from corn and soy producers.
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@LucH so can one combine palmitic acid / stearic acid with a short chain fatty acid at melting point to have similar effects?
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C16.:0 Palmitic acid
C18:0 Stearic acid
C12:0 lauric acid or
C4:0 butyric acid or
C6:0 Caproic acidNote: Some people could have allergy problem with stearic acid when suffering from leaky gut or border bross inflamed (stomach). When consumed on a regular base, from supplements, e.g.
It depends on the amount and the frequency. As a whole food or re-combined as a soluble vehicle when adding e.g. essential oils.
When you take it with food and not directly injected in the blood (fatty muscle leg or arm), is quite different.
I haven't the answer.
Edit: If you meant "does the mixture change the assimilation" when fluid, no. Up to 10 carbons, direct assimilation from the liver to the muscles (or in the Krebs cycle) (portal vein). Between 12-14, +/ half and half (half with VLDL and LDL vehicle). Higher carbon chains with these two last conveyors.From ChatGPT (confirmation asked):
MCT oil is indeed utilized by muscles for energy, not just for the Krebs cycle in the liver. While MCTs are readily metabolized in the liver and can be converted into ketone bodies, they are also transported to other tissues, including muscles, where they can be directly used as fuel. This direct utilization contributes to muscle energy production and can potentially enhance muscle function and growth.
