Black Ginger (K. parviflora)

[lobotomize]

A human study: single oral intake of 50 mg K. parviflora extract increased whole-body oxygen consumption and decreased respiratory quotient (RQ) during moderate exercise.
ResearchGate

A rodent study: feeding 1.0% KPE increased whole-body energy expenditure in mice fed a high fat diet.
PMC

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286468896_Effect_of_Kaempferia_parviflora_extract_on_oxygen_consumption_and_respiratory_quotient_by_the_single_oral_intake_-_A_randomized_double-blind_placebo-controlled_cross-over_study

AMPK activation. Flavones such as 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF) and 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone increase AMP/ATP ratio → activate AMPK → raise fatty-acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis.

β-adrenergic signalling. Some studies show increased norepinephrine or cAMP levels in adipose tissue → induces UCP1 and UCP3 expression in brown and beige fat.

UCP1-mediated thermogenesis. Upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 allows controlled proton leak via physiological channels instead of chemical proton shuttling.

Endothelial NO and circulation effects. Black ginger improves nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation, indirectly enhancing oxygen delivery and metabolic rate.

Possible mild direct mitochondrial modulation. Some flavones alter mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro, but magnitudes are small and reversible; they do not show classical protonophore activity like DNP.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4256566/?

@Mauritio @cs3000