Thymus health

yerrag

@yerrag yeah right and didn't they give cortisone to calm the cytokine storm for COVID ?

was it to calm the cytokine storm as a way to dampen Inflammation? I just know cortisone is used as an anti-inflammatory but don't know the mechanism.

Mauritio

@yerrag not sure.

Johann2547

And IIRC theanine is beneficial for the thymus.

yerrag

@Johann2547 said in Thymus health:

And IIRC theanine is beneficial for the thymus.

interesting thread. makes me think the thymus, being where t cells mature, gets to have a sizable impact on how our immunity functions, or dysfunctions

For one, it dampens the inflammatory response of the innate immune system, characterized by the heavy involvement of neutrophils and macrophages where phagocytic activity can result in a large amount of collateral peripheral tissue damage from spillover ROS.

And given that the lack to T cells can result in B cells exerting more immune response, the tendency of B cells to generate autoimmune responses is also problematic.

Seems to me that ensuring we have a healthy thymus favoring the calming and moderating influenxe of T cells is not a small matter, and that metabolic health, where the stress hormone has to be kept to a minimum level of production and influence can never be stressed, pun not intended, enough.

I can't help but think of metabolic health being as impactful on our immunity, and this is is but just one example of Ray's dictum that metabolic health drives all other aspects of health in us.

I know I have a very rudimentary understanding of immunity, and I'm just giving an immaturely formed rambling of what I can gather from the musings of @mauritio and @cs3000 and @DavidPS

Please let me know how far off I am and what more you can detract and add to it

DavidPS

@yerrag - I have never studied any of the biological sciences. But as I get older each year, I am increasing interested in healthspan and mindspan. As far as I can determine, your remarks are spot-on.

I am waiting for the results of the TRIIM-X trial (Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration and Insulin Mitigation) mentioned in this paper.

Immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmune diseases essentially depend on thymic tissue homeostasis

yerrag

@DavidPS

Thanks David. Looks interesting, but very deep and I wish my mind can ensure the onslaught of very unfamiliar words when reading on immunity down to deep levels.

I am reminded of what Peat had said before about T cells- that if you have a good T-cell response, you really won't need to rely on B-cells for immune protection as much. It is like saying a B-cell response is optional when T-cells are involved in the response. I remember him talking or writing about this at the start of the CoVID years. And in the ensuing two years marked with headlines about COVID, all I could hear was centered on B-cell immunity and ntibodies, centered on viral therapeutics.

The funny thing is that the elephant in the room was always being ignored, in the absence of the mention of the T-cells, such that its importance was being downplayed. It seemed to me the medical response is to trivialize the importance of T-cells to improving our body's response to the putative virus.

I think that beefing up the thymus gland should be the main topic of the COVID response.

cs3000

@Mauritio said in Thymus health:

@cs3000 said in Thymus health:

Looks like the main benefit of the Thymus could actually be from suppressing too much immune damage via t reg cells

That is such an interesting thought. Why wouldnt we have an organ whos purpose it is to dampen excessive inflammation, given chronic inflammation is a part of so many diseases.

@yerrag said in Thymus health:

The funny thing is that the elephant in the room was always being ignored, in the absence of mention of the T-cells, such that it's importance was relegated to that of a bit player, inconsequential to improving our body's response to the putative virus.

Seems to me that beefing up the thymus gland should be the main topic of the COVID response. The question of the day.

Looks like a big health unlock , neutrophils are big players in autoimmune problems maybe the biggest, you see them showing up causing big damage in a wide range of health issues covid cystic fibrosis ulcerative colitis heart failure etc

and theyre highly destructive with different weapons, cytokine release, then they have proteases that degrade the structure surrounding the cell (if u inhibit neutrophil proteases in arthritis they dont develop arthritis at all https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC150852/ ), and they can form wild traps where they basically gut themselves & spill out strands of dna laced with proteins to form damaging webs like some kind of arsehole spiderman in the autoimmune situation

their benefit is mainly in the first 12 hours where theyre supposed to help kickstart the cleanup & repair process then back off (reversing their path back into bone marrow). but in the current state of health its common that they stay chronically activated for days weeks months years . regulatory t cells specifically T Reg cells look key to help resolve that

@yerrag I can't help but think of metabolic health being as impactful on our immunity, and this is is but just one example of Ray's dictum that metabolic health drives all other aspects of health in us.

something that fits with that & the rest, neutrophils dont use mitochondria for energy they basically just use glycolysis (& can create their own glucose in presence of glutamine too, and use fatty acids for some functions like ROS production or possibly switch over to fatty acid use to become more intense, in my experience eating more fat takes high neutrophil damage to an extreme),
BUT unlike neutrophils T Reg cells need mitochondria complexes functioning to enable their immune resolving function

yerrag

@cs3000 said in Thymus health:

Looks like a big health unlock , neutrophils are big players in autoimmune problems maybe the biggest, you see them showing up causing big damage in a wide range of health issues covid cystic fibrosis ulcerative colitis heart failure etc

and theyre highly destructive with different weapons, cytokine release, then they have proteases that degrade the structure surrounding the cell (if u inhibit neutrophil proteases in arthritis they dont develop arthritis at all https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC150852/ ), and they can form wild traps where they basically gut themselves & spill out strands of dna laced with proteins to form damaging webs like some kind of arsehole spiderman in the autoimmune situation

There is a lot I don't understand about the adaptive immune system and maybe it's this lack of understanding that betrays my view in seeing autoimmunity to be largely involved with B-cells.

In this regard, autoimmunity is not so much different from being very sensitive to stimulus that the immune system wrongly regards something that is endogenous as being foreign.

I have chronic high blood pressure and it is the result of my neutrophils and macrophages of the innate immune system trying to get rid of heavy metal toxins and periodontal infections with no success, given the persistency of these insults where they don't get permanently removed or killed. It is like Groundhog Day for my immune system where they keep repeating their efforts to get rid of persistent insults that keep bouncing back. Yet I do not consider the inflammatory effects of this endless effort to be an autoimmune condition. But I blame the tenacity of heavy metals refusing to be swallowed up and excreted out, and the ability of synergistic bacteria and fungi to defend against attack by phagocyte activity by neutrophils and macrophages.

But lately I have used techniques and substances to assist my immune system to successfully get rid of the hitherto unremovable toxins and immortal infection. But I had to employ medically unorthodox techniques to achieve these.

Seems to me medical complex is guilty of spreading misinformation and disinformation to label as autoimmune, on the strength of their vaunted research which are in many cases made up stories to lead trusting souls astray.

Yet I do not wish to throw the baby with the bathwater, for a large part of the body of research is valid, and a good filter is needed to separate wheat from chaff.

Lejeboca

@yerrag said in Thymus health:

was it to calm the cytokine storm as a way to dampen Inflammation? I just know cortisone is used as an anti-inflammatory but don't know the mechanism.

Below is a study that considers the dual pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of cortisol under stress with respect to the time of introduction of immune challenge (LPS), It also notes the mechanism of upregulating TLRs, which recognize pathogen molecular patterns, in the brain and liver.

Prior exposure to glucocorticoids sensitizes the neuroinflammatory and peripheral inflammatory responses to E. coli lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

Acute and chronic stress has been found to sensitize or prime the neuroinflammatory response to both peripheral and central immunologic challenges. Several studies suggest that stress-induced sensitization of neuroinflammatory processes may be mediated by the glucocorticoid (GC) response to stress. GCs, under some conditions, exhibit pro-inflammatory properties, however whether GCs are sufficient to prime neuroinflammatory responses has not been systematically investigated. In the present investigation, we tested whether acute administration of exogenous GCs would be sufficient to reproduce the stress-induced sensitization of neuroinflammatory responses under a number of different timing relationships between GC administration and immune challenge (lipopolysaccharide; LPS). We demonstrate here that GCs potentiate both the peripheral (liver) and central (hippocampus) pro-inflammatory response (e.g. TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) to a peripheral immune challenge (LPS) if GCs are administered prior (2 and 24 h) to challenge. Prior exposure (24 h) to GCs also potentiated the pro-inflammatory response of hippocampal microglia to LPS ex vivo. In contrast, when GCs are administered after (1 h) a peripheral immune challenge, GCs suppress the pro-inflammatory response to LPS in both liver and hippocampus. GCs also up-regulated microglial activation markers including Toll-like Receptor 2. The present data suggest that the temporal relationship between GC treatment and immune challenge may be an important factor determining whether GCs exhibit pro- or anti-inflammatory properties.

Although the study considered a pretty high dose of cortisol (CORT), smaller (and chronic) doses would have a similar effect, in its nature, *the authors fixed the measurements at 4h of LPS introduction.

A dose of CORT was chosen that had previously been determined to mimic the plasma CORT proﬁle produced by an acute stressor (a session of 80–100 inescapable tailshocks) (Fleshner et al., 1995). We had found that this acute stressor potentiates the neural and peripheral inﬂammatory responses to LPS administered 1–4 days later (Johnson et al., 2002).

Lejeboca

This got me thinking that, since our endogenous CORT is "naturally" elevated in the morning, if we have an LPS-prone breakfast, then any existing inflammation will spike.
So

rule #1, breakfast that is easy on digestion (Ray-Peat-right-again!)
At breakfast time consider
charcoal or anything digestion-promoting
getting red/sun light at breakfast time to to decrease NO and other inflammatory cascade factors.

DavidPS

The gut microbiome and the intestinal barrier are involved as well.

Age-related loss of intestinal barrier integrity plays an integral role in thymic involution and T cell ageing (2024)

albion

Anyone tried thymus extract / Thymosin? Some studies showed strong anabolic and immune-promoting effects; it seems to have been a popular "pharmaceutical" treatment back when doctors had spines (and functioning thymus glands?!)

LucH

@DavidPS said in Thymus health:

I am waiting for the results of the TRIIM-X trial (Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration and Insulin Mitigation) mentioned in this paper.

When there is a lack of T cells in the body, it can lead to immunodeficiency diseases. Your thymus is the source of new T-cell specificities that fight infections, autoimmune cells and cancer.
This to make the junction with mTOR pathway.
Regulation of T-cells by m-TOR
doi: 10.1016/j.it.2014.11.005
How does mTOR affect T cells?
Overall, by functioning as a central hub that coordinates multiple signaling pathways, mTOR plays a critical role in regulating various aspects of T-cell function, including T-cell development, activation, differentiation, migration, survival, memory formation, and exhaustion.
I can develop but it's going to be a bit too long ...
Well, without giving the details, I use H3CO2 (bicarbonate 2 g) to reset the system from time to time (seasonal).
In the case of chronic inflammation, induced by overexpression of the immune system, the researchers found that the ingestion of H3CO2 (2 g bicarbonate) made it possible to restore normal Treg function so that these cells can do their job(s), and temper self-reactive T cells that attack one's own organs in autoimmune diseases.
NB: In cure, of course. Do not stay too long in M2 mode. Alternate balance is required.
I can develop but not in this post. Too long and I don't want interferences with the_one_I_can_not_mention_the_name

DavidPS

@LucH - I will try using H3CO2 to reset my system.

T-3

@LucH said in Thymus health:

M2 mode

What does "M2 mode" refer to?

yerrag

@Lejeboca said in Thymus health:

This got me thinking that, since our endogenous CORT is "naturally" elevated in the morning, if we have an LPS-prone breakfast, then any existing inflammation will spike.
So

rule #1, breakfast that is easy on digestion (Ray-Peat-right-again!)
At breakfast time consider

charcoal or anything digestion-promoting

getting red/sun light at breakfast time to to decrease NO and other inflammatory cascade factors.

Thanks. What would tou consider to be an LPS-prone breakfast? Is it a soluble fiber-rich breakfast, one that includes substances that kill bacteria and thus produce LPS remnants of bacteria? What are some noteworthy examples of such a breakfast?

LucH

@T-3 said in Thymus health:

What does "M2 mode" refer to?

Repolarization of macrophages M1 <> M2
Lymphocyte T polarization
In an (over-simplified) model, the Th1/Th2 and M1/M2 ratios (M=macrophages) can thus be used as indicators to determine whether or not the immune system is in M1/inhibitory type mode, oriented towards host defense, or in an M2/healing type mode, oriented towards the repair and replacement of lost or defective tissues with a view to maintaining host homeostasis. (Mills 2015a).
(doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00059)
Vocabulary:
M stands for macrophage
Th stands for thymus. Th1 = T helper cell type 1, produced by thymus. = lymphocyte, a type of white blood cell.

There are two major types of T cells: the helper T cell and the cytotoxic T cell. As the names suggest helper T cells 'help' other cells of the immune system, whilst cytotoxic T cells kill virally infected cells and tumors.
Treg cells
Regulatory T cells, or Tregs, are white blood cells that play a key role in regulating your immune system. Tregs control your body's immune response to keep it from over-reacting to harmful invaders known as antigens. Antigens are frequently unwelcome substances that cause an immune response in your body.

Understanding macrophage cells and the balance to find between M1 & M2, inducing a TH1 or Th2 answer (by Treg cells). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4329822/