Random, interesting studies
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Sodium butyrate increases seratonin
: Peripheral (gut) serotonin: In vitro and in vivo studies show that butyrate stimulates tryptophan hydroxylaseâ1 (TPH1), the rateâlimiting enzyme for serotonin synthesis in intestinal enterochromaffin cells. Low concentrations of sodium butyrate (0.5â1Â mM) increased TPH1 mRNA expression in human EC cells by 2.5â3.5âfold; high concentrations (>2Â mM) suppressed TPH1. A review notes that butyrate in the gut lumen can activate a zincâfinger transcription factor (ZBPâ89) and stimulate serotonin production in enterochromaffin cells.
Central (brain) serotonin: In mice exposed to chronic unpredictable stress, sodium butyrate treatment alleviated depressionâlike behaviours and increased brain serotonin (5âHT) concentration and brainâderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. A geneâexpression study in rats showed that sodiumâbutyrateâinduced HDAC inhibition downregulated the 5âHTâA receptor in the brain and another study reported upâregulation of 5âHTâA receptor mRNA when sodium butyrate was combined with estrogen therapy (data from behavioural tests) â suggesting receptorâlevel modulation rather than direct synthesis of serotonin
SB prevented behavioural deficit made by CUMS
by raising seratonin and BDNF
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26957230/Increase seratonin under stress:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18817816/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4396604/
"When mice were treated with antibiotics to deplete gut microbiota, serotonin levels dropped significantly.
Recolonization of the microbiota or administration of SCFAs restored normal 5-HT levels in the colon"
This means sodium butyrate could be the pathway, gut bacteria use to trigger serotonin production
ď¸https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.1035538/full
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@Mauritio have been taking sr 9011 for a week or so which is a strong agonist of reverb/Clock haven't been feeling much other than increased base bpm and easier time changing my sleep schedule (which is helpful as I usually go to sleep late and now it gives me the motivation to go to sleep early)
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The case for nattokinase for varicose veins
It seems that varicose veins display an increased concentration of fibrin(ogen) and inflammatory cytokines.
Fibrin increases clotting.
When I asked Peat if there was any medical danger of varicose veins he said that it probably slighlty increased the risk for clotting.
So that checks out as well.Nattokinase is very good at dissolving fibrin and its also an ACE inhibitor, so generally anti-inflammatory. So it seems worth checking out as a treatment.
Sources:
1)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1986710/
2)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32529904/
3)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9017960/
4)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26100448/Dare to think.
My X:
x.com/Metabolicmonstr -
@Mauritio an average sized man eating 2 packages of natto (45g x 2) on an otherwise empty stomach actually gets a supplement level of nattokinase into the blood iirc
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"Notably, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can promote the formation of a Candida biofilm. Recently, the inhibition of PGE2 has received much attention. Studies have shown that cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin, combined with fluconazole can significantly reduce Candida adhesion and biofilm development and increase fluconazole susceptibility; the MIC of fluconazole can be decrease from 64 to 2 Îźg/ml when used in combination with ibuprofen. "
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5138225/ -
"In vitro, 5-HT inhibits rat prostate branching through down-regulation of androgen receptor (AR). "
"...Tph1 knockout mice present higher prostate mass and up-regulation of AR when compared to wild-type,..."
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@Mauritio said in Random, interesting studies:
It seems to come down to age as well.
Here it gets interesting: if you're under 65 and eating a high protein diet, that is strongly associated with death, cancer and diabetes . Over 65 it seems to be protective !"...aged 50â65 reporting high protein intake had a 75% increase in overall mortality and a 4-fold increase in cancer and diabetes mortality..."
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3988Another pointer in this direction.
Young mice experienced a 17% decrease in life span when methionine was increased, for old mice it didn't change anything.
So maybe there is an age related effect of protein on the body.
If that's true (and that's still a big if), then im starting to wonder how good Rays low protein phase was shortly before his death, given his advanced age."The lifespan of old mice was unchanged by feeding 0.05M methionine. Young mice, however, experienced a 16.9% decrease in their average lifespan and a decreased maximum lifespan when given supplemental methionine. "
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0531556584900494I have previously speculated that the mechanism might have to do with the immune system, since a low protein diet can lower thymus weight and that is possibly worse than additional protein in old age .
It could also have to do with heavy metals since amino acids have heavy metal cheating properties and heavy metals tend to accumulate in old age.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210271X25000076#:~:text=Introduction,4]%2C [5]. -
Thyroid Hormone-Induced Expression of the Hepatic Scaffold Proteins Sestrin2, β-Klotho, and FRS2ι in Relation to FGF21-AMPK Signaling
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28895643/ -
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@lobotomize-me said in Random, interesting studies:
Sodium butyrate increases seratonin
: Peripheral (gut) serotonin: In vitro and in vivo studies show that butyrate stimulates tryptophan hydroxylaseâ1 (TPH1), the rateâlimiting enzyme for serotonin synthesis in intestinal enterochromaffin cells. Low concentrations of sodium butyrate (0.5â1Â mM) increased TPH1 mRNA expression in human EC cells by 2.5â3.5âfold; high concentrations (>2Â mM) suppressed TPH1. A review notes that butyrate in the gut lumen can activate a zincâfinger transcription factor (ZBPâ89) and stimulate serotonin production in enterochromaffin cells.
Central (brain) serotonin: In mice exposed to chronic unpredictable stress, sodium butyrate treatment alleviated depressionâlike behaviours and increased brain serotonin (5âHT) concentration and brainâderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. A geneâexpression study in rats showed that sodiumâbutyrateâinduced HDAC inhibition downregulated the 5âHTâA receptor in the brain and another study reported upâregulation of 5âHTâA receptor mRNA when sodium butyrate was combined with estrogen therapy (data from behavioural tests) â suggesting receptorâlevel modulation rather than direct synthesis of serotonin
SB prevented behavioural deficit made by CUMS
by raising seratonin and BDNF
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26957230/Increase seratonin under stress:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18817816/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4396604/
"When mice were treated with antibiotics to deplete gut microbiota, serotonin levels dropped significantly.
Recolonization of the microbiota or administration of SCFAs restored normal 5-HT levels in the colon"
This means sodium butyrate could be the pathway, gut bacteria use to trigger serotonin production
ď¸https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.1035538/full
