Topics created by Kasper

I remember reading somewhere that apple cider vinegar with each meal may get rid of it. There are ACV capsules, more convenient. I bet coconut oil with its antimicrobial properties would help too.

Ray Peat says the stomach and small intestine should be sterile so I bet he would encourage trying to get rid of h. pylori

@brad Thanks!

Profiling of faecal water and urine metabolites among Papua New Guinea highlanders believed to be adapted to low protein intake

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Role of urea in intestinal barrier dysfunction and disruption of epithelial tight junction in CKD

"The rise in urea concentration in the intra-cellular and extra-cellular fluid compartments results in its heavy influx into the gastro-intestinal tract (7). Within the intestinal lumen urea is hydrolyzed by microbial urease forming large quantities of ammonia [CO(NH2)2 +H2O → CO2+2NH3] which is readily converted to ammonium hydroxide [NH3 + H2O → NH4OH] (8,9). Ammonium hydroxide, in turn, leads to a modest rise in the luminal fluid's pH, causes mucosal irritation and promotes enterocolitis [10,11]. Based on these observations we hypothesize that ammonium hydroxide generated from hydrolysis of urea by microbial urease in the intestinal lumen of uremic patients may contribute to the epithelial barrier dysfunction and erosion of the TJ protein constituents."

"The present study revealed that at clinically-relevant concentrations, urea significantly lowered the TER [Transepithelial Electrical Resistance] in the tight junction-forming polarized human colonic epithelial cell monolayer in vitro. The effect of urea was dramatically amplified by urease which was used to simulate the effect of urease-possessing microbial species in the colon. These observations illustrate the potential contribution of influx of urea into the intestinal tract in the pathogenesis of the uremia-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in the uremic patients. The observed fall in the TER was accompanied by and was largely due to the urea-concentration-dependent depletion of occludin, claudin 1, and ZO1 which are the key protein constituents of the epithelial TJ. The erosive effect of urea on the measured TJ proteins was greatly intensified in the presence of urease leading to near complete depletion of ZO1 and occludin and severe reduction in claudin 1 abundance."

"As noted above, accumulation of urea in the intra- and extra-cellular fluid compartments in patients and animals with advanced CKD results in its heavy influx into the gastro-intestinal tract via passive diffusion and incorporation in the glandular secretions (7–9). As noted earlier within the intestinal lumen urea is hydrolyzed spontaneously and by microbial urease forming large quantities of ammonia [8,9]. Ammonia is, in turn, converted to ammonium hydroxide which is a caustic base capable of causing cytotoxicity and tissue damage. Recent studies conducted by our group have shown marked changes in the composition of microbial flora in humans and animals with advanced CKD [21]. Five of the 10 microbial families which were most abundant in the CKD patients possessed functional urease [2,21]. Thus massive influx of urea into the gastrointestinal tract together with the dominance of urease-possessing bacteria in the uremic individuals, work in concert to promote formation of ammonia and ammonium hydroxide in the intestinal tract [8,9]. This can account for the dramatic impairment of the barrier function and destruction of TJ apparatus observed in the present in vitro experiments designed to simulate the effect of uremia in vivo."

@Kasper Thanks! We can revisit this in a bit to see if it begins to make sense to have a study section.

@Mauritio said in Methionine/Cysteine restriction increases longetivity AND energy expenditure:

anybody tried sodium selenite and selenomethionine and can compare them ?

*) Forms of sélénium
The forms of selenium exist in 3 major forms:

Yeast Sodium (selenite or selenate) Amine acid (Selenio-Methionine or Cysteine).
Selenate or seleno-methionine (SM) are generally found on the market. Specialists classify the Se in two main categories: organic and inorganic. The inorganic salts would be supposed to be less well absorbed by the tissues. If we only refer to SM and Selenate, this is not really true, as several studies have shown it. (4)
*) Biodisponibility
The degree of absorption of selenite is less, but sufficient, of the order of +/ 50 to 60 % against 75 % for selenomethionine. (2)
What form is the best?
Selenium in any form whatsoever, that it comes from food or supplements, organic or inorganic, is used by the body for the synthesis of selenoproteins after being first metabolized in hydrogen selene, selenium cellular storage. The surplus of selenium is converted into methylated metabolites and excreted by urine and breath. Excessive accumulation of hydrogen selenial can cause its oxidation, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative toxic effects in the body. (o)
All forms of selenium are well absorbed, but the absorption of selenomethionine is the best. They use the same active transport mechanism as for methionine, one of the 9 essential amino acids which can only be obtained by food, which increases the effectiveness of absorption of selenomethionine compared to the inorganic forms of the selenium.
*) Recommended Daily Supply
Currently recommended nutritional supply (RDA) in adults is 55 micrograms/day. Daily needs are 55 mcg (AJR). 1 mcg /kg of weight is optimal. Diet (1) provides around 50 % of needs if you eat meat or legumes. A single nut from Brazil / Amazon covers needs (…). In the event of pathology / detox, 200 - 300 mcg can be prescribed punctually. “Too Much of A Good Thing is Bad!”
=> Selenium supplementation should not be taken every day (half-life). Except in particular cases, in the event of a detox for example, therefore punctually (2 to 300 mcg per day, in detox cure). But in this case, a contribution of curcumin would be desirable to reduce hepatic toxicity due to the impact on dehydrogenase enzymes. Taking different forms of selenium is interesting, especially in the event of cancer prevention (recurrence). If you exceed +/ 100 mcg/ L in the blood serum, you impact the operation of certain dehydrogenase enzymes, especially required in the Krebs cycle.
*) More details on this post, with sources and references.
Selenium: Too much of a good thing is bad. Forms and enzymes
https://mirzoune-ciboulette.forumactif.org/t1953-selenium-too-much-of-a-good-thing-is-bad#27971 (in French ) translator needed but with references from studies in English)

Sources et Références
0) Toxicité hépatique due à l’impact sur les enzymes déshydrogénases
Rôle protecteur de la curcumine
Protective effect of curcumin during selenium induced toxicity on dehydrogenases in hepatic tissue. 2005
PMID: 15881869
Selenium administration resulted in a marked decrease in the activity levels of the liver succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase while pyruvate dehydrogenase increased significantly.
2) http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/selenium/index-fra.php
Avec références d'études.