Bile can serve as a reservoir for funghi, making them harder to treat

CrumblingCookie

Had a hunch that grapefruit seed extract (GSE) may be a good thing against fungi.
Didn't realize before that the active bioflavonoids in GSE are essentially all naringin (and a fraction of hesperidin).

Naringin at 400µM which is about about 0.23mg/mL (?) destroys mixed dental caries (cavities) biofilm in vitro.
That's about 10 drops of high-quality GSE in half a teaspoon of water. GSE's quite a good thing for dental and oral care then.
Would like to see the full text to see the specific results of the other bioflavonoids: curcumin, quercetin, morin, rutin, and hesperetin.
Prevalence and eradication of mixed biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans using naringin: In vitro and in silico investigations, 2026

Mossy

@CrumblingCookie This confirms what some light research revealed for me a few years ago, on GSE. I have it on my list of ingredients for a homemade toothpaste.

CrumblingCookie

Have grazed the RPF reservoirs once again about fungi.
The absolute most knowledgable posts IMO came by user Sergey. Hoped to find more from him about it all.
Maurition has been the most persistent poster of related studies and bits on fungi throughout impressively many years. There was also interesting, productive interplay between amazoniac and Travis yet he was too focused-in on C. albicans exclusively. As are all the easily misleading megadosing B2, B3, aspirin contributions by haidut (false generalization of candidal species).
User narouz had been one of the most trying (as far as forum posts can tell) to get a grip of his fungal burden for many years.

Alas, the persistently active and concealed Candida species in diseases of a chronic course are mostly C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata.
Plus chronic persistence of Aspergillus fumigatus as a superior perpetrator in specific disease types.
Plus the other odd fungi / mycobiome found in brain tissues, neurodegenerative diseases and also distinctly present in tumor tissues but not in tumor-surrounding healthy tissues and blood of the same people.

CrumblingCookie

L-form, aka protoplast or spheroplast, yeasts and fungi are likely the much more widespread and pressing issues next to biofilms. IMO of a more widespread importance than the specialty case of additional biliary survival as per this thread's original topic.

Such L-form variants (predominated by filamentous Aspergillus, plus Candida parapsilosis and others) were found in autistic children, and often their mothers yet not in healthy controls.
Acquisition of the L-forms especially during gestation and infancy is suspected to confer a particular kind of life-long immunological blindness to these.
Dysbiotic microbiota in autistic children and their mothers: persistence of fungal and bacterial wall-deficient L-form variants in blood, 2019

An according collection of case studies, albeit with a strong conflict of interests (authors are heavily involved in Mosaic Diagnostics, formerly Great Plains Laboratory, with their urine organic acid tests):
Case Study: Rapid Complete Recovery From An Autism Spectrum Disorder After Treatment of Aspergillus With The Antifungal Drugs Itraconazole And Sporanox, 2020

The seemingly most powerful antifungal combination discovered so far which targets the fungal membranes and therefore equally well any L-form persister fungi variants
is Itraconazole or Posaconazole + a HIV protease inhibitor like Atazavir (+Ritonavir as a systemic inhibitor of degradation via Cyp3A4 to boost ATV's impact. RTV can be very cheap; thus no biggie):

Enhanced antifungal activity of posaconazole against Candida auris by HIV protease inhibitors, atazanavir and saquinavir, 2024
There are a few more studies published on combinations like this without the particular use of spheroplasts but on "normal" fungi, too.
Such combos also overcome aquired resistancies by upregulated efflux pumps (CDR1/2) and the filaments and biofilm abilities. @sunsunsun