Random, interesting studies
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@Mauritio Appreciate your thoroughness. It will be interesting to see what effect they have on you. I don't like the taste and feel of chia seeds, but maybe they could be used as a food supplement, like I do with liver.
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@Mauritio 5ht1a 1b both downreg sero produc
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Mauritio said:
A casual 7x increase in testosterone while it decimates prolactin. Not bad.
In the testosterone study they used 0.025g/L of chia powder in drinking water, which is an extremely low dose. This should approximately correspond to an HED of ~70mg.
Wild that even had an effect at all at that dosage.
There's another study using the same dosing protocol also in rabbits. So HED ~ 70mg.
And it shows strongly lowered cortisol, insulin, leptin and triglycerides. With a small increase in TSH.

It also drastically lowered one protein which is part of the HSP70 family. Peat used to write about the dangers of heat shock proteins, so lowering should be a good sign.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-82175-3#Tab5
Many studies with Chia seeds use HEDs of 5/10/or even 50g. Often showing that the 10g or higher dose is most effective. While the lower dosage is relatively ineffective.
The above studies show that (at least in rabbits) a microdose might be all you need.
70mg/ day increased testosterone and lowered cortisol strongly.
If you want to replicate the study, measure 70mg with a mg scale and put in a big bottle of water and sip throughout the day. That is the closest thing to what they did in the studies.
So that way, you could get the benefits without overloading on PUFAs. -
@Mauritio I await a report of your experience
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Mauritio said:
The above studies show that (at least in rabbits) a microdose might be all you need.
70mg/ day increased testosterone and lowered cortisol strongly.
If you want to replicate the study, measure 70mg with a mg scale and put in a big bottle of water and sip throughout the day. That is the closest thing to what they did in the studies.
So that way, you could get the benefits without overloading on PUFAs.Heres another study on chia seeds. They also use an HED of 50-70mg, although this time it is an extract.
In diabetic rats that were given low dose chia seeds extract (P3), blood sugar and MDA drastically improved. They were lower than in the control group without diabetes (P0) and lower than in the positive control group that received metformin (P1).

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373779495_Effect_of_Chia_Seed_Extract_Salvia_Hispanica_L_On_Current_Blood_Sugar_Levels_and_MDA_LevelsA plausible explanation of the benefits could be mitohormesis. A very small mitochondrial stress could activate benefical compensatory mechanisms like Nrf2, PGC-1a or AMPK. There are studies showing Chia seeds activate AMPK.
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ETIFOXINE
Has anybody tried it? It seems to be a GABAergic that strongly increases (neuro-)steroids.
Here you can see that it strongly increases Pregnenolone, Progesterone and the infamous 5aDHP in the brain, especially in higher doses. It also seems to increase andogens T + DHT in lower doses while it suppresses them in higher doses.

https://www.pismin.com/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.022Different study similar findings:
"Exposure of frog hypothalamic explants to graded concentrations of etifoxine produced a dose-dependent increase in the biosynthesis of 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone and tetrahydroprogesterone, ..."
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25785994/Etifoxine reverses weight gain on a HFD
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32679124/Etifoxine was as effective for treating anxiety as a Benzodiazepine!
"Etifoxine was non-inferior to Alprazolam in reducing anxiety symptoms in GAD, was well-tolerated, and can be a promising alternative for anxiety management without drug dependence risk."
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41763071/Etifoxine restores mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (in vitro)
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8657969/It seems to increase GABA-A receptors or at least amplify its function.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10854897/ -
"After brushing out the effect of lifestyle factors as best as possible with statistical methods, the researchers found that during the study, participants who consumed 2 or more tablespoons of olive oil daily were 31 percent less likely to die than participants who did not consume olive oil."
https://www.ergo-log.com/this-daily-amount-of-olive-oil-may-extend-your-lifespan.html
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Benzoic acid, a known uncoupler - even in small amounts - can convert to salicylic acid inside the body.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2800778/The best source of benzoic acid are fresh cranberries.
There's also the plant Benzoe Siam which is about 20-30% benzoic acid, but not sure if theres a food grade option.
Essntial oil of plants are an inexhaustible source of interesting components, with interesting properties.
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Berberine
Berberine activates thermogenesis in white and brown adipose tissue and increases UCP1;
PMID 25423280
Berberine increases testosterone but also prolactin. There might be a sweet spot between 50-100mg/kg (rat dose) where you get minimal prolactin increase with a significant testosterone increase. Maximal T increase was almost 100%
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44345-024-00007-3#Fig2
Berberine sometimes receives criticism because some studies show that it can inhibit mitochondria.
Which is true it can:"
"...inhibit mitochondrial respiratory complex Iā in vitro
PMID 18285556Although in this study it had a positive effect on mitochondria in vivo; it increases mitochondria numbers and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction, which was accomplished via AMPK and SIRT1 activation.
"Furthermore, we observe that the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction by BBR, the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as BBR-induced AMPK activation, are blocked in cells in which SIRT1 has been knocked-down."
PMID: 22027215
"...extended the lifespan ... of naturally aged mice by ~16.49%ā
PMID 31773901
This study reported an increase in the NAD+/NADH ratio.
PMID: 22027215
Berberine made someone on the RPF able to tolerate milk.
https://lowtoxinforum.com/threads/does-anyone-here-use-berberine-regularly.41514/post-669774
Increases SERT; lowers serotonin
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21647174/
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