@LucH said in Toward a Better Understanding of Reactive Oxygen Species: @Amazoniac said in Toward a Better Understanding of Reactive Oxygen Species: The ROS linked to fat metabolism can arise partly from parallel effects, such as structural or functional perturbations and up-regulation of alternative ROS-producing enzymes (NOX, XO, COX, LOX, CYP2, etc.). I suppose that here we're mainly talking about excess PUFA loaded in adipocytes (AA cascade). When we stress or have a diet (fat loss). If we remain under 10 g PUFA/day, preferably 5-6 g, it would be OK. Edit: fine, the picture on ROS effects. (downloaded) ROS concentration & deleterious effects on cells. The next question is: What about when corn / soy food (from real food) is eaten, with LPS by-side load. Otherwise, it remains a theory. 1° In presence of ALA (thiol antioxidant) or a lipoprotection (A D3 K2 + vit E). 2° The same with aspirin or WWB. Parallel effects can also come from saturated fatty acids. Yet another example: Deleterious action of FA metabolites on ATP synthesis: possible link between lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance (Cyt c received fewer electrons overall, and pyruvate (oxaloacetate precursor) didn't normalize.) Impairing ATP synthesis limits electron consumption, which favors leakage from affected sites. On a related note, whether an imported fatty acid is saturated or not, the first stage of each β-oxidation cycle involves creating or dealing with an unsaturated intermediate (enoyl-CoA), and it's the hydrating reaction by enoyl-CoA hydratase* (ECH) that resolves the double bond by adding water, which also introduces the oxygen atoms that lack in fatty acids. *Synonym: unsaturated acyl-CoA hydratase This temporary double bond adds to any existing fatty acid double bonds outside of the segment being oxidized. After hydration, the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase (HADH) and the CoA-dependent thiolase (KAT) conclude a β-oxidation cycle. [image: 1770837140988-3a06059b-f0ac-452e-943e-35dceaf24dae-image.png] ⠀(10.1016/B978-0-12-382163-8.00022-0) Proper ECH activity relies on functional HADH and KAT, especially when the three enzymes form a supercomplex (the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, MTP) and work together to metabolize longer-chain fatty acids. Control of mitochondrial β-oxidation: sensitivity of the trifunctional protein to [NAD+]/[NADH] and [acetyl-CoA]/[CoA] Inhibitory effect of 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoAs and other long‐chain fatty acid β‐oxidation intermediates on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation Pathophysiology of fatty acid oxidation disorders and resultant phenotypic variability Despite the experiment suggesting that inhibition is unlikely at healthy NADH/NAD⁺ and acetyl-CoA/CoA ratios, any factor that compromises one enzyme can affect the others. Local ratio perturbations or failure of backup systems may still lead intermediates to accumulate, including enoyl-CoA (the supercomplex's primary substrate). Given that some enzymes related to β-oxidation generate ROS, enoyl-CoA accumulation might place this unsaturated intermediate near ROS sources and start lipid peroxidation that then spreads to other lipids, such as cardiolipin. But it's a speculation.

@revenant Mine isn't yet. Some people have tested alphagels and it turned out to be testosterone, but in others it was actually DHT. Not throwing shade but I would be a little cautious. In general it is a good idea to test if you can afford it even for reputable vendors, like alphagels to be 100% sure.

3 meals each with 100g of carb and 36g lean protein and 15g of fat give 2000calories a day and thats not even counting vegetable side dishes. so you're exaggerating on how low the calorie count of 500 if you eat clean. I would do 3 meals with 200-250g of veg per meal and some pineapple and eggshell. some c8/c10 mct oil might clean out the gut. your comment about how "all" the food around you has fuing st in it is hitting that you have some sort of neuroticism and thats probably causing more issues than a SIBO which will probably resolve after digestion speeds up.

@sunsunsun said in Vitamin C Role in Blocking Nitrosamine: u eat seed oil chips??? Yes, I eat Lays’ pepper and salt chips, only when I “crave” for, not as a snack. I know they use sunflower oil, rich in PUFAs, which I shouldn't be using. It’s rather once a month, and even less. Nothing is forbidden if you limit the impact (quantity and frequency). Because we only "need" a tiny amount of Omega-6 (around 1-2% of calories) for essential functions, our modern intake (often 10-20%) sends a constant signal of "inflammation and storage" to the body. The Bottom Line: You can't just "burn off" a bad type of fat the next day. It stays in your system, influencing your inflammatory markers for years. This is why a small amount of "bad" fat is more disruptive long-term than a large amount of "good" fat. I know. By keeping the chips to once a month, I ensure that these "fragile" fats never become the primary building blocks of my cells. This is where the quantity vs. type debate is settled. I know fat isn't just stored energy; it’s a signaling molecule. Nobody is perfect Useful info (in French, translator needed, but with English links): Les besoins réels en AG polyinsaturés surestimés ? (Are the actual needs for polyunsaturated fatty acids overestimated?) https://mirzoune-ciboulette.forumactif.org/t1581-les-besoins-reels-en-ag-polyinsatures-surestimes#18738

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I think the most powerful tool for both SIBO and SIFO is MSM sulfur. This podcast by Dr Janel explains how well it has worked for antibiotic resistant sibo. Its cheap, safe and works. https://gijanel.com/gi-janel-one-video/

i am now re thinking this idea after finding another patent using losartan for hair US20160081901A1 - "Compositions and methods for hair growth"

I was looking more into this recently and it appears as though it could be DHT triggering osteoblasts in the skull bones to grow more. However, that would mean the most direct fix is to reduce DHT, which is horrible (as we all know by know). This does not actually mean that skull expansion is the cause of hair loss though because it merely puts more strain on the scalp and then decreases blood flow. So, the underlying cause of all hair loss is still the same: bad metabolism. The big question would be how to best increase blood or nutrient flow and like Peat said there are many ways to do it.